Geranylgeraniol

Geranylgeraniol (GG) is a naturally occurring compound produced in the human body through the mevalonate pathway, which also synthesizes cholesterol, CoQ10, and vitamin K2. Research points to reduced GG as the primary cause of muscle pain and weakness among statin users, with multiple cell-based studies showing that co-administration of GG with statins restores cell growth, DNA synthesis, and cell division in muscle cells. Studies in mice have demonstrated that dietary supplementation with GGOH resulted in improved glucose homeostasis, increased serum insulin levels, and significantly decreased bone resorption markers. A clinical trial showed that GG supplementation at doses of 150 mg and 300 mg yielded no negative effects on blood chemistry, hematology, or hormonal functions in healthy adults. Research has also found that GG administration to statin-treated human neurons decreased expression of inflammatory markers and reduced mitochondrial damage, facilitating maintenance of proper mitochondrial structure and function. Additionally, GG demonstrates antinociceptive properties, suggesting potential for pain relief by interacting with serotonin and imidazoline receptors to reduce pain perception.